Chromosomes Reveal Truth
on to you humans
Mitochondria are also the only structure in our cells with their own unique DNA, which with rare exceptions, is inherited only from mothers.
The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called autosomes. The 23rd pair of chromosomes are known as the sex chromosomes, because they decide if you will be born male or female. Females have two X chromosomes, while males have one X and one Y chromosome.
1 Chromosome Magus
1 region of chromosome 1 is involved in most cases of thrombocytopenia-absent radius (TAR) syndrome. TAR syndrome is characterized by the absence of a bone called the radius in each forearm and a shortage (deficiency) of blood cells that are involved in clotting (platelets).
2 Chromosome priestess 2
Chromosome 2 is the second largest chromosome in the human body, and is one of 23 pairs of chromosomes in each cell:
Chromosome 2 is estimated to contain around 1,200 to 1,300 genes, which provide instructions for making proteins that perform various roles in the body.
Chromosome 2 is unique to humans, and was formed when two ancestral chromosomes fused head-to-head.
3 Chromosome 3 the empress
There are several vital and important genes located on this chromosome including certain gene clusters that code for the olfactory receptors (involved in sense of smell) as well as chemokine receptors that aid inflammatory processes.
4 The Emperor
Chromosome 4 is defined as the specific chromosome region that contains the gene for Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and plays a role in encoding both the precursor and mature forms of EGF.
5 Chromosome 5 the Hierophant
Studies suggest that some genes on chromosome 5 play critical roles in the growth and division of cells. When segments of the chromosome are deleted, as in some cases of AML and MDS, these important genes are missing. Without these genes, cells can grow and divide too quickly and in an uncontrolled way.
It comprises 9 million base pairs that make up 923 genes. Sixty-six of the genes are known to be involved in human disease if they are mutated. Chromosome 5 also contains clusters of genes that code for the immune signalling molecules, interleukins.
6 Chromosome 6 the lovers
Role in human diseases. Chromosome 6 is functionally associated with more than 120 major human diseases, including cancer, heart disease, infectious, immune and inflammatory disorders and mental illnesses
Chromomome 7 Chariot Cancer
Studies suggest that some genes on chromosome 7 may play critical roles in controlling the growth and division of cells. Without these genes, cells could grow and divide too quickly or in an uncontrolled way, resulting in a cancerous tumor.
8 Chromosome 8 lust/justice
Earlier research by a number of scientists had pointed to regions of chromosome 8 as being important both in the normal formation of the brain, as well as to some developmental variations, such as small head size or skull and facial differences.
9 Chromosome 9 Hermit
Research shows that several genes that control cell growth and division are located on chromosome 9. Many of these genes are tumor suppressors, which means they normally help prevent cells from growing and dividing in an uncontrolled way.
10 Chromosome 10 The Wheel
The association of cancerous tumors with a loss of chromosome 10 suggests that some genes on this chromosome play critical roles in controlling the growth and division of cells. Without these genes, cells could grow and divide too quickly or in an uncontrolled way, resulting in cancer.
11 Chromosome 11 lust/justice
Many of the genes on chromosome 11 are grouped into related clusters known as gene families, the most notable of which is the olfactory receptor gene family. This family, whose corresponding proteins govern the sense of smell, is the largest known grouping of genes in vertebrate species.
12 Chromosome 12 ligature
Chromosome 12 likely contains 1, 100 to 1,200 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. These proteins perform a variety of different roles in the body.
13 Chromosome 13 regeneration
Chromosome 13 likely contains 300 to 400 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. These proteins perform a variety of different roles in the body.
14 Chromosome
Epilepsy is a common feature of ring chromosome syndromes, including ring chromosome 14. There may be something about the ring structure itself that causes epilepsy. Seizures may occur because certain genes on the ring chromosome 14 are less active than those on the normal chromosome 14.
15 Chromosome
One of the chromosomes that belongs to pair number 15 is different in Prader-Willi syndrome. Around 70% of cases of Prader-Willi syndrome are the result of missing genetic information from the copy of chromosome 15 inherited from the father. This is referred to as “paternal deletion”.
16 Chromosome LonTower
ATR-16 syndrome is a rare genetic disorder that occurs when a person loses genetic material from the tip of the short arm ℗ of chromosome 16. This loss affects multiple adjacent genes and leads to a variety of symptoms, with the most common being a blood disorder and intellectual disability.
Chromosome 16 is one of the 23 pairs of chromosomes in humans, and contains almost 3% of the total DNA in cells. It’s estimated to contain between 800 and 900 genes that instruct the body to make proteins.
Gene content
Structural variations
Chromosome 16 has a high level of segmental duplications, and some of these duplications may have influenced the evolution of primates and human disease susceptibility.
Several disorders are associated with chromosome 16, including:
16q+: A duplication of some or all of the long arm of the chromosome, which can cause poor growth, mental impairment, and joint and genitourinary anomalies
Chromosome 17 Star
Human chromosome 17 is implicated in a wide range of human genetic diseases. It is home to genes involved in early-onset breast cancer (BRCA1), neurofibromatosis (NF1) and the DNA damage response (TP53 encoding the p53 protein).
18 Chromosome 18 The Moon
Researchers believe that extra copies of some genes on chromosome 18 disrupt the course of normal development, causing the characteristic features of trisomy 18 and the health problems associated with this disorder
19 Chromosome 19 The Sun
Other changes in the number or structure of chromosome 19 can have a variety of effects on growth and development. These chromosomal changes can cause delayed development, intellectual disability, feeding difficulties, hearing and vision impairment, heart problems, or other birth defects.
20 the Aeon 20
Chromosome 20 likely contains 500 to 600 genes that provide instructions for making proteins. These proteins perform a variety of different roles in the body.
21 Chromosome 21 The World
Chromosome 21 is the smallest autosome, comprising only about 1.9% of human DNA, but represents one of the most intensively studied regions of the genome. Much of the interest in chromosome 21 can be attributed to its association with Down’s syndrome, a genetic disorder that afflicts one in every 700 to 1000 newborns.
22 Chromosome
A deletion in one copy of chromosome 22 can cause Opitz G/BBB syndrome. This condition causes several abnormalities along the midline of the body, including widely spaced eyes (ocular hypertelorism), difficulty breathing or swallowing, brain malformations, distinct facial features, and genital abnormalities in males.
Children with 22q11. 2DS have been described as overactive, impulsive, emotionally labile, shy/withdrawn, and/or disinhibited. Indeed, the temperament of children and adolescents with 22q11. 2DS have also been assessed via parent report.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_organization
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This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. (May 2016)
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Nuclear organization refers to the spatial organization and dynamics of chromatin within a cell nucleus during interphase. There are many different levels and scales of nuclear organisation.
At the smallest scale, DNA is packaged into units called nucleosomes, which compacts DNA about 7‑fold. In addition, nucleosomes protect DNA from damage and carry epigenetic information. Positions of nucleosomes determine accessibility of DNA to transcription factors.
At the intermediate scale, DNA looping can physically bring together DNA elements that would otherwise be separated by large distances. These interactions allow regulatory signals to cross over large genomic distances—for example, from enhancers to promoters.
At a larger scale, chromosomes are organised into two compartments labelled A (“active”) and B (“inactive”), which are further subdivided into sub-compartments.[1] At the largest scale, entire chromosomes segregate into distinct regions called chromosome territories.
Chromosome organization is dynamic at all scales.[2][3] Individual nucleosomes undergo constant thermal motion and nucleosome breathing. At intermediate scales, an active process of loop extrusion creates dynamic loops and Topologically Associating Domains (TADs).
Fathers will always pass their X chromosome to their daughters and their Y chromosome to their sons. Because females have two X chromosomes, carriers have a second non-pathogenic (or ‘wild type’) copy of the gene.
Chromosome 1
Thrombocytopenia is a condition where there are abnormally low levels of platelets in the blood, which can make it difficult for the blood to clot. Platelets are tiny blood cells made in the bone marrow that help stop bleeding by sticking together to form a clot.
Symptoms of thrombocytopenia include:
Easy bruising
Bleeding gums or nose
Blood in urine or stool
Heavy menstrual periods
Petechiae, which are tiny reddish-purple spots that look like a rash
Purpura, which is bleeding into the skin that’s larger than petechiae
Thrombocytopenia can be caused by a number of things, including lymphoma in the bone marrow. Treatments for thrombocytopenia include: Treating the underlying condition, Changing medications, Steroids, Blood transfusions, and Splenectomy.
The severity of thrombocytopenia depends on the platelet count:
Mild: Platelet levels are between 100,000 and 150,000 per microliter
Moderate: Platelet levels are between 50,000 and 99,999 per microliter
Severe: Platelet levels drop below 50,000 per microliter